SAP - AsiaFlux

SAP: Sapporo forest meteorology research site

General site detail (updated 22 May 2009)

Site name	Sapporo forest meteorology research site
AsiaFlux site code	SAP
Location	Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Position	42º 59' 12.609"N, 141º 23'07.036"E (World Geodetic System 1984)
Elevation	180 m above sea level (World Geodetic System 1984)
Slope	0 - 7 degree
Terrain type	Gentle slope
Area	80 ha
Fetch	500 to 1500 m
Climate	Cool temperate (Snow-fully humid-warm summer [Dfb])
Mean annual air temperature	7.2 degreeC
Mean annual precipitation	933 mm
Vegetation type	Deciduous broadleaved forest
Domestic species (Overstory)	Japanese white birch(Betula platyphylla) , Mizunara oak(Quercus mongolica)
Dominant species (Understory)	Sasa bamboo (Sasa kurilensis and Sasa senanensis)
Canopy height	20 m
Age	approx.100 years
LAI	Max.4(1999 to 2003) ; N/A(wind damage; 2004 to present)
Soil type	Loam

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO₂)

System	Open- (CO₂ flux, latent heat flux) Closed-path system (CO₂flux)
Wind speed	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T, Prove TR-61C KAIJO, Japan)
Air temperature	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan) Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP45A, VAISALA, Finland)
Water vapor	Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA) Bandpass (HMP45A, VAISALA, Finland)
CO₂	Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA) Closed-path (LI-6262, LI-COR, USA)
Measurement height	28 m
Sampling frequency	5 Hz
Averaging time	30 min
Data logger	DRM2a, TEAC, Japan
Data storage	MO
Original data	Raw data

Meteorology

Observation items	Levels/ Depth	Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming)	41.3 m	Pyranometer (CM6F, Kipp & Zonen, Netherland)
Global solar radiation (outgoing)	39.2 m	Pyranometer (CM6F, Kipp & Zonen, Netherland)
Long-wave radiation(incoming)	41.3 m	Infrared radiometer with fan (PIR, Eppley, USA)
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)	39.2 m	Infrared radiometer (PIR, Eppley, USA)
Net radiation	39.2 m	Net radiometer (Q*7, REBS, USA)
PPFD (incoming)	41.3 m	Quantum sensor (LI-190SA, LI-COR, USA)
PPFD (outgoing)	39.2 m	Quantum sensor (LI-190SA, LI-COR, USA)
Direct / diffuse radiation	-
Direct / diffuse PPFD	-
Air temperature	33.5, 29.6, 25.8, 20.1, 16.3, 10.5, 2.7m	Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP45D,VAISALA, Finland)
Humidity	33.5, 29.6, 25.8, 20.1, 16.3, 10.5, 2.7m	Capacitive hygrometer (HMP45D, VAISALA, Finland)
Soil temperature	0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8m	Platinum resistance thermometer
Soil heat flux	0.02 m	Heat flux plate(MF-81,EKO,Japan)
Soil water content	0.07, 0.15, 0.45, 0.75m	TDR (CS-615, Campbell, USA)
Wind speed	33.5, 29.6, 25.8, 20.1, 16.3, 10.5, 2.7m	Windmill anemometer(CYG-5103, YOUNG, USA)
Wind direction	41.3 m	Vane (A-802, YOKOGAWA, Japan)
Barometric pressure	28,1.5 m	Barometer (PTB-210 at 28m and PTB101 at 1.5m, VAISALA, Finland)
Precipitation	1.8 m	Tipping bucket raingauge
CO₂concentration	29.6, 25.8, 20.1, 16.3, 10.5, 2.7m	Closed-path CO2/H2O analyzer (LI-6262, LI-COR, USA)

Other

Soil respiration	continuous
Photosynthesis	Occasionally
Ecological investigation	Tree heights, stand density, diameter,

Observation Period and data Availability

Measurement Period	August 1999 to September 2003 and June 2004 to present
Measurement Frequency	Continuous
Data Availability	N/A

Contact

Katsumi Yamanoi (yamanoi [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
Yasuko Mizoguchi (pop128 [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
Hokkaido research center Forestry and Forest Products Researh Institute
7 Hitsujigaoka,Toyohira, Sapporo,Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
Tel: +81-11-590-5528 Fax: +81-11-851-4167

Kenzo Kitamura (kitamu93 [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
Yuichiro Nakai (nakaiyui [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
Department of meteorological Environment Forestry and Forest Products Researh Institute
1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
Tel:+81-298-873-3211 Fax:+81-298-874-3720

Calibration Information

Closed-path CO₂ analyzers were calibrated against CO₂standard gasses once a day.

Infrastructure

Tower, Electrical power (100V AC 50Hz)

Research Fund

Research grant #199903 (1999-2002) of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute

RR2002 (2002-2006) of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Research Fund (Evaluation, Adaptation and Mitigation of Global Warming in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries：Research and Development) by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research #193800950017 of JSPS

Global Environment Research Account for National Institutes of Ministry of the Environment Other Information

Other Information

The forest around the tower received severe damage by the typhoon in September, 2003. Afterwards, the overturned trees have been left in the state of the nature. The observation was restarted in June, 2004.

Publication

Nakai Y., Kitamura K., Suzuki S. and Abe S. (2003) Year-long carbon dioxde exchange above a broadleaf deciduous forest in Sapporo, Northern Japan. Tellus, 55B, 305-312.

Watanabe T., Nakai Y., Kitamura K., Utsugi H., Tobita Hiroyuki., Ishizuka S. (2005) Scaling energy and CO2 fluxes from leaf to canopy using a Multilayered Implementation for Natural canopy-environment relations (MINCER). Phyton, 45, 353-360.

Utsugi H., Tobita H, Maruyama Y. and Ishizuka M. (2005) Spatial and Seasonal Variations in Leaf Mass per Area and Their Relationship to Leaf Nitrogen in a Secondary Northern Hardwood Forest in Japan. Phyton, 45, 245-251.

Ishizuka S, Sakata T, Sawata S, et al. (2006) High potential for increase in CO2 flux from forest soil surface due to global warming in cooler areas of Japan. Annals of Forest Science, 63 (5), 537-546.

Suzuki, S., Ishizuka, S., Kitamura, K., Yamanoi, K., Nakai, Y. (2006) Continuous estimation of winter carbon dioxide efflux from the snow surface in a deciduous broadleaf forest. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(D17), D17101.