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QHB:Qinghai Flux Research Site

General site detail (Updated 29 Oct 2007)
 Site name
 Qinghai Flux Research Site
 AsiaFlux site code
 QHB
 Location Haibei, Qinghai, China
 Position 37º 36' N, 101º 20' E
 Elevation 3250 m a.s.l
 Slope 0 deg
 Terrain type
 Flat
 Area -
 Fetch More than 250 m in radius from the flux tower
 Climate Bsk (Cold semi-arid climate)
 Mean annual air temperature
 -1.7 deg C (1981-2000)
 Mean annual precipitation
 567 mm (1981-2000)
 Vegetation type
 Alpine meadow
 Domestic species (Overstory)
 Kobresia humilis
 Dominant species (Understory)
 -
 Canopy height
 30 cm (average maximum value)
 Age More than 20 years
 LAI About 3 (maximum value)
 Soil type
 Clay loam

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
 System Open- path systems (CO2 flux, latent heat flux)
 Wind speed 
 Three-dimensional sonic anemometer thermometer
 (CSAT-3, Campbell)
 Air temperature
 Three-dimensional sonic anemometer thermometer
 (CSAT-3, Campbell)
 Water vapor
 Open-path CO2/H2O analyzers
 (LI-7500, LI-COR)
 CO2 Open-path CO2/H2O analyzers
 (LI-7500, LI-COR)
 Measurement height
 2.2 m
 Sampling frequency
 10 Hz
 Averaging time
 15 min
 Data logger
 Digital micrologger (CR-5000, CR23X, Campbell)
 Data storage
 FC
 Original data
 Statistics

Meteorology
 Observation items
  Levels/ Depth
 Instrument 
 Global solar radiation(incoming)
 1.5 m Net radiometer 
 (CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands)
 Global solar 
radiation (outgoing)
 1.5 m Net radiometer 
 (CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands)
 Long-wave radiation(incoming) 
 1.5 m Net radiometer 
 (CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands)
  Long-wave radiation(outgoing) 1.5 m Net radiometer 
 (CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands)
 Net radiation
 1.5 m Net radiometer 
 (CNR-1, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands)
 PPFD (incoming)
 1.5 m Quantum sensor
 (LI-190SB. LI-COR. USA)
 PPFD (outgoing)
 1.5 m Quantum sensor
 (LI-190SB. LI-COR. USA)
 Direct / diffuse radiation
 1.5 m CPR-CH1 (CPR-PHSX100, Japan)
 Direct / diffuse PPFD
 - 
 Air temperature
 2.2, 1.1 m Humidity and temperature probe 
 (HMP45C, Vaisala, Finland))
 Humidity 2.2, 1.1 m  Humidity and temperature probe 
 (HMP45C, Vaisala, Finland)
 Soil temperature
 0.02, 0.05, 0.1,  0.2, 0.3, 0.4,  0.5,  0.6, and  0.7 m Copper-constantan thermocouple
 Soil heat flux
 0.02 m 
 Heat flux plate (HF-01, REBS)
 Soil water 
 content 
 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 m Time-domain reflectometry sensor
 (CS-615, Campbell)
 Wind speed
 2.2, 1.1 m Cup anemometer 
 (034A-L and 014A, R. M. Young, USA)
 Wind direction
 2.2 m Sonic anemometer (CSAT-3, Campbell)
 Barometric 
 pressure
 2.2 m Open-path CO2/H2O analyzer (LI-7500, LI-COR)
 Precipitation 0.7 m  Tipping bucket rain gage
  (TE525MM, CSL, USA)
 CO2 concentration
 2.2 m Open-path analyzer (LI-7500, LI-COR)
Other
 Soil respiration
 Chamber method (in 2002)
 Photosynthesis Automatic Chamber System (2006-
 Ecological investigation
 Biomass measurements (2001-2003)
 
Observation Period and data Availability
 Measurement Period
 August 2001 to present
 Measurement Frequency
 Continuous
 Data Availability
 2002-2004 in AsiaFlux Database
Contact
 Yanhong Tang (tangyh [at] nies.go.jp)
 Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER),National Institute for  Environmental Studies (NIES)
 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
 Tel : +81-29-850-2481 Fax : +81-29-858-2483
 [Flux and micrometeorology] 
 Mingyuan DU (dumy [at] niaes.affrc.go.jp)
 Department of Agro-Meteorology National Institute for Agro-  Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 
 305-8604, Japan 
 Tel: +81-298-38-8210 Fax:+81-298-38-8199
 Others
 xqzhao [at] mail.nwipb.ac.cn
 gus [at] nwipb.ac.cn
 lzhao [at] nwipb.ac.cn
 saito.makoto [at] nies.go.jp
 Research Fund
 Global Environmental Research Program of the Ministry of  Environment, Japan (S-1: Integrated study for terrestrial carbon  management of Asia in the 21st century based on scientific  advancements)
 
 Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (no. 13575035) by  the Japan  Society for the Promotion of ScienceOne Hundred Talent Project of the  Chinese Academy of Science (0429091211)

 Climate Change Research Program, National Institute for  Environmental Studies, Japan

 Program of Global Warming Studies, Northwest Insitute of Plateau  Biology, CAS, China



 Infrastructure
Tower, Electrical power(AC)


Publication
Hirota M., Kawada K., Hu Q.W., Kato T., Tang Y., Mo W.H., Cao G.M. & Mariko S. (2007) Net primary productivity and spatial distribution of vegetation in an alpine wetland, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Limnology, 8, 161-170.

Chen J., Yamamura Y., Hori Y., Shiyomi M., Yasuda T., Zhou H., Li Y. & Tang Y. (2007) Small-scale species richness and its spatial variation in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ecological Research, in press.

Zhou H.K., Tang Y., Zhao X.Q. & Zhou L. (2006) Long-term grazing alters species composition and biomass of a shrub meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38, 1055-1069.

Zhao L., Xu S., Li Y., Tang Y., Zhao X., Gu S., Du M. & Yu G. (2006) Relations between carbon dioxide fluxes and environmental factors of Kobresia humilis meadows and Potentilla fruticosa meadows. Acta Botanical Boreali-occidentalia Sinica 26, 133-142.

Zhang Y., Liu C., Lei Y., Tang Y., Yu Q., Shen Y. & Sun H. (2006) An integrated algorithm for estimating regional latent heat flux and daily evapotranspiration. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27, 129-152.

Shen H., Tang Y. & Washitani I. (2006) Morphological plasticity of Primula nutans to hummock-and-hollow microsites in an alpine wetland. Journal of Plant Research, 119, 257-264.

Kato T., Tang Y., Gu S., Hirota M., Du M.Y., Li Y.N. & Zhao X.Q. (2006) Temperature and biomass influences on interannual changes in CO2 exchange in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Global Change Biology, 12, 1285-1298.

Hirota M., Tang Y., Hu Q.W., Hirata S., Kato T., Mo W., Cao G. & Mariko S. (2006) Carbon dioxide dynamics and controls in a deep-water wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Ecosystems, 9, 673-688.

Cui X.Y., Niu H.S., Wu J., Gu S., Wang Y.F., Wang S.P., Zhao X.Q. & Tang Y. (2006) Response of chlorophyll fluorescence to dynamic light in three alpine species differing in plant architecture. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 58, 149-157.

Zhao L., Li Y.N., Zhao X.Q., Xu S.X., Tang Y., Yu G.R., Gu S., Du M.Y. & Wang Q.X. (2005) Comparative study of the net exchange of CO2 in 3 types of vegetation ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin, 50, 1767-1774.

Zhang Y. & Tang Y. (2005) Inclusion of photoinhibition in simulation of carbon dynamics of an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 110.

Kato T., Hirota M., Tang Y., Cui X., Li Y., Zhao X. & Oikawa T. (2005) Strong temperature dependence and no moss photosynthesis in winter CO2 flux for a Kobresia meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 37, 1966-1969.

Hirota M., Tang Y., Hu Q.W., Kato T., Hirata S., Mo W., Cao G. & Mariko S. (2005) The potential importance of grazing to the fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane in an alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 5255-5259.

Gu S., Tang Y., Du M., Cui X., Kato T., Li Y. & Zhao X. (2005) Effects of temperature on CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and an alpine meadow. Phyton-Annales Rei Botanicae, 45, 361-370.

Gu S., Tang Y., Cui X., Kato T., Du M., Li Y. & Zhao X. (2005) Energy exchange between the atmosphere and a meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 129, 175-185.

Cui X., Wang Y., Niu H., Wu J., Wang S., Schnug E., Rogasik J., Fleckenstein J. & Tang Y. (2005) Effect of long-term grazing on soil organic carbon content in semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia. Ecological Research, 20, 519-527.

Shi S., Zhu W., Li H., Zhou D., Han F., Zhao X. & Tang Y. (2004) Photosynthesis of Saussurea superba and Gentiana straminea is not reduced after long-term enhancement of UV-B radiation. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 51, 75-83.

Kato T., Tang Y.H., Gu S., Cui X.Y., Hirota M., Du M.Y., Li Y.N., Zhao Z.Q. & Oikawa T. (2004) Carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and an alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 124, 121-134.

Kato T., Tang Y., Gu S., Hirota M., Cui X., Du M., Li Y., Zhao X. & Oikawa T. (2004) Seasonal patterns of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres, 109, D12109,doi:12110.11029/12003JD003951.

Hirota M., Tang Y., Hu Q.W., Hirata S., Kato T., Mo W., Cao G. & Mariko S. (2004) Methane emissions from different vegetation zones in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36, 737-748.

Cui X., Tang Y., Gu S., Shi S.B., Nishimura S. & Zhao X. (2004) Leaf orientation, incident sunlight, and photosynthesis in the alpine species Suassurea superba and Gentiana straminea on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 36, 219-228.

Cao G., Tang Y., Mo W., Wang Y., Li Y. & Zhao X. (2004) Grazing intensity alters soil respiration in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan plateau. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36, 237-243.

Li Y., Zhao L., Gu S., Du M., Yu G., Tang Y., Kato T., Wang Q. & Zhao X. (2003) Energy balance in an alpine meadow in Haibei, Qinghai, China. Journal of Grassland Sciences (in Chinese).

Gu S., Tang Y.H., Du M.Y., Kato T., Li Y.N., Cui X.Y. & Zhao X.Q. (2003) Short-term variation of CO2 flux in relation to environmental controls in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres, 108, 4670, doi:4610.1029/2003JD003584.

Cui X.Y., Tang Y.H., Gu S., Nishimura S., Shi S.B. & Zhao X.Q. (2003) Photosynthetic depression in relation to plant architecture in two alpine herbaceous species. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 50, 125-135.
 
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