Kalangpangan, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Position
2º 20' 42" S, 114º 2' 11" E
Elevation
30 m above sea level
Slope
0 deg
Terrain type
Flat
Area
Greater than 50 km2
Fetch
About 400, 500, 1500 m, and longer than 5000 m, respectively, for the north, east, west and south directions
Climate
Tropics (Dry season: May or June through October or November)
Mean annual air temperature
26.3 degC (2002-2005)
Mean annual precipitation
2231 mm (2002-2005)
Vegetation type
Tropical peat swamp forest (evergreen) drained in the 1990’s
Domestic species (Overstory)
Combretocarpus rotundatus, Cratoxylum arborescens, Buchanania sessifolia and Tetramerista glabra
Dominant species (Understory)
-
Canopy height
About 26 m
Age
-
LAI
Around 5 m2 m-2 in plant area index (PAI) at 1.3 m height measured in June 2006 using a plant canopy analyzer (LAI2000, Licor)
Soil type
Peat (drained by canal built in the late 1990s; Hirano et al., Carbon dioxide balance of a tropical peat swamp forest in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Global Change Biology, 13, 412-425, 2007)
Observations Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
System
Open-path system
Wind speed
CSAT3, Campbell, USA
Air temperature
CSAT3, Campbell, USA
Water vapor
Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA)
CO2
Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA)
Measurement height
41.3 m
Sampling frequency
10 Hz
Averaging time
1 hour
Data logger
8421, Hioki E. E. Corp., Ueda, Japan
Data storage
CF
Original data
Raw data
Meteorology
Observation items
Levels/ Depth
Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming)
40.6 m
CNR1, Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands
Global solar radiation (outgoing)
40.6 m
CNR1, Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands
Long-wave radiation(incoming)
40.6 m
CNR1, Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)
40.6 m
CNR1, Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands
Net radiation
40.6 m
CNR1, Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands
PPFD (incoming)
40.6 m
LI-190S, Licor, USA
PPFD (outgoing)
40.6 m
LI-190S, Licor, USA
Direct / diffuse radiation
-
Direct / diffuse PPFD
-
Air temperature
41.7 m
HMP45, Vaisala with nonventilated radiation shield (DTR403A, Vaisala, Finland)
Humidity
41.7 m
HMP45, Vaisala with nonventilated radiation shield (DTR403A, Vaisala, Finland)
Takashi Hirano (hirano [at] env.agr.hokudai.ac.jp) Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido UniversityKita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan TEL +81-11-706-3689FAX +81-11-727-3689
Calibration Information
CO2 analyzers were calibrated every three months using span gases.
Infrastructure
Tower,Solar energy system
Research Fund
Core University Program (FY1997-2006) from JSPS, Japan Grant-in- Aid for Scientific Research (Nos.13375011, 15255001 and 18403001) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (FY2001-2008)
Other Information
The site is operated in collaboration with University of Palangkaraya (UNPAR), Indonesia.
Publications
Hirano et al., Carbon dioxide balance of a tropical peat swamp forest in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Global Change Biology, 13, 412-425, 2007
Hirano et al., Energy balance of a tropical peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Phyton, 45, 67-71, 2005.