MSE - AsiaFlux

MSE: Mase paddy flux site

General site detail (updated 20 June 2023)

Site name	Mase paddy flux site
AsiaFlux site code	MSE
Location	Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Position	36º 03' 14.3" N, 140º 01' 36.9" E (GARMIN)
Elevation	13 m above sea level
Slope	N/A
Terrain type	Almost flat
Area	About 200 ha (2 km by 1 km along Kokai river)
Fetch	700 m (Easterly wind) - 1000 m (southerly wind) (Easterly wind prevails in most of the growing period except in mid-summer when the southerly wind prevails.)
Climate	Warm and humid climate
Mean annual air temperature	13.7 ºC
Mean annual precipitation	1200 mm
Vegetation type	paddy field
Domestic species (Overstory)	rice (Oryza sativa L.; cultivar Koshihikari)
Dominant species (Understory)	N/A
Canopy height	1.2 m (maximum)
Age	N/A
LAI	About 5.0 m2 m-2 (maximum)
Soil type	grayed lowland paddy soil (Cultivated Soil Classification Committee, 1995)

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO₂)

System	Open-path method (August 1999 - present) Closed-path method (2004 - present)
Wind speed	Sonic anemometer-thermometer, DA600-62AX (KAIJO)
Air temperature	Sonic anemometer (DA-600, Kaijo)
Water vapor	E009B (Advanet, Okayama, Japan (August 1999 - November 2001) LI7500 (LI-COR) (December 2001 - present) LI7000 (LI-COR) (2004 - present)
CO₂	E009B (Advanet, Okayama, Japan (August 1999 - November 2001) LI7500 (LI-COR) (December 2001 - present) LI7000 (LI-COR) (2004 - present)
Measurement height	-
Sampling frequency	10 Hz
Averaging time	30 min
Data logger	DRM3 (TEAC, Tokyo, Japan) (August 1999 - April 2008) CR3000 (Campbell) (May 2008 - present)
Data storage	Magneto-optical disc (August 1999 - April 2008) Compact flash memory card (May 2008 - present)
Original data	Raw data

Meteorology

Observation items	Levels/ Depth	Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming)	2.5 m	4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Global solar radiation (outgoing)	2.35 m	4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Long-wave radiation(incoming)	2.35 m	4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)	2.35 m	4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Net radiation	2.35 m	4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
PPFD (incoming)	2.35 m	4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
PPFD (outgoing)	2.35 m	4 component net radiometer, CNR1 (Kipp&Zonen, The Netherlands) (August 1999 - April 2009). 4 component net radiometer, MR-40 (Eko, Tokyo,Japan) (May 2009 - present).
Direct / diffuse radiation	-
Direct / diffuse PPFD	-	Quantum sensor, LI190SL (LI-COR) equipped with a shadow blade (Eko) (2005-2006). Quantum sensor, LI190SL (LI-COR) equipped with a rotating shadow blade PRB-100 (Prede, Tokyo, Japan) (July 2009 - present).
Air temperature	3.85 m	Platinum resistance thermometer (100 ohm) equipped with a home-made ventilator (August 1999 - 15 November 2000). Platinum resistance thermometer, HMP45A (Vaisala, Helsinki, Finland) equipped with a home-made ventilator (16 November 2000 - present).
Humidity	3.85 m	Wet-bulb temperature was measured with a platinum resistance thermometer (100 ohm) equipped with a home-made ventilator (August 1999 - 15 November 2000). Relative humidity was measured with a capacitive moisture sensor, HMP45A (Vaisala) equipped with a home-made ventilator (16 November 2000 - present).
Soil temperature	-1, -5, -10, -20, -40 cm	T-type thermocouple, hand-made
Soil heat flux	1 cm below the soil surface	Thermopile-type heat flux plate, MF-81 (Eko) (August 1999 - April 2008). Thermopile-type heat flux plate, MF-180M (Eko) (May 2008 - present).
Soil water content	0-15 cm below the ground (April 2000 - April 2002). 0-2.5 cm, 0-5 cm, 0-10 cm, 0-20 cm and 0-30cm below the ground (May 2002 - present).	Soil moisture probe, CS-615 (Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT, USA) (April 2000 - April 2002).Time-domain reflectometory, TDR-100 (Campbell) (May 2002-present)
Wind speed	3.75, 2.55, 1.95,1.35, 0.75 m	The measurement heights were changed with rice growth. Cup anemometer, AF-750 (Makino, Tokyo, Japan) (August 1999 - April 2011).
Wind direction	4.4 m	Wind vane, VF016 (Makino) (August 1999 - April 2011)
Barometric pressure	1.5 m	Capacitive pressure transducer, PTA427 (Vaisala)(August 1999 - March 2008). Capacitive pressure transducer, PTB210 (Vaisala)(April 2008 - present).
Precipitation	-	Bucket-type rain gauge (TE525MM, Texas Electronics)
CO₂concentration	3.85 m and 1.25 m (August 1999- September 2003. The measurement heights were changed with rice growth.) 3.8 m and several lower heights (May 2004 - present).	Non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer, ZFU (Fuji Electric, Tokyo, Japan) (August 1999 - September 2003). Non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer, LI-6262 (LI-COR) (May 2004 - present)
Water depth	-	Sonic-type displacement sensor, UD-310 (Keyence,Osaka, Japan)

Fluxes of non-CO₂ gases

Gas	CH₄ (Gradient, half-hourly, 2004-2009)
Method	Eddy covariance
Measurement height	3.35
Data logger	CR1000 (Campbell Scientific)
Data storage	Compact flash memory card
Observation period	2012 (Data available at FLUXNET-CH4)

Other

NH₃	Gradient (weekly) 2007-2011
Soil respiration	-
Photosynthesis	-
Ecological investigation	-