KST: Kushiro Mire Akanuma Tower Site name Kushiro Mire Akanuma Tower AsiaFlux site code KST Location Akanuma bog, Kushiro Mire, Hokkaido Position 43º07’ N, 144º 22' E Elevation 6 m Slope N/A Terrain type Natural wetland Area over 2,000,000 m2 Fetch 400 m on the south side and 100 m on the north side. Climate Dfb Mean annual air temperature 5.5 ºC Mean annual precipitation 1119.6 mm Vegetation type Bog Domestic species (Overstory) Hummock-growing sedges (Carex) and patchy sparse reed (Phragmites) canopies Dominant species (Understory) Mosses (Sphagnum) Canopy height Variable with space and time Age N/A LAI Variable with time with the seasonal maximum of 2.5 for sedge canopy and 1.8 for reed canopy. Spatial variability is also large. Soil type Peat
Observations Eddy Covariance method (CO
2 )
System Open-path system (CO2 flux, latent heat flux) Wind speed Sonic anemometer (DA-600-3TV, Kaijo) Air temperature Sonic anemometer (DA-600-3TV, Kaijo) Water vapor OP-2 (Data Design Group, San Diego, USA) CO2 OP-2 (Data Design Group, San Diego, USA) Measurement height 2.95 m Sampling frequency 10 Hz Averaging time 30 min Data logger PC (Libretto70, Toshiba) equipped with A/D convertor Data storage HDD Original data Raw data
Meteorology
Observation items Levels/ Depth Instrument Global solar radiation(incoming) 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1 Global solar 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1 Long-wave radiation(incoming) 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1 Long-wave radiation(outgoing) 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1 Net radiation 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1 PPFD (incoming) 2.1 m Quantum sensor (LI-190, LI-COR, USA) PPFD (outgoing) 2.1 m Quantum sensor (LI-190, LI-COR, USA) Direct / diffuse radiation - Direct / diffuse PPFD - Air temperature 1.0,3.1 m Temperature-humidity sensor, HMP45 (Vaisala ) Humidity 1.0,3.1 m Temperature-humidity sensor, HMP45 (Vaisala ) Soil temperature 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 cm Platinum resistance thermometer (100 ohm) Soil heat flux - Heat flux plate (MF-81, Eko) Soil water - Wind speed 0.9, 1.3, 1.8, 2.4, 3.8 m Cup anemometer (AF750, Makino) Wind direction 3.45 m Wind vane (VF016, Makino) Barometric - Silicon-capacitive pressure probe Precipitation - Bucket-type rain gauge CO2 concentration - H2 O concentration -
Other
Soil respiration - Photosynthesis - Ecological investigation -
Observation Period and Data Availability Measurement Period from July 1998 to November 2002 Measurement Frequency Continuous Data Availability N/A
Contact Akira Miyata (amiyat [at] niaes.affrc.go.jp)Agro-Meteorology Division,National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES)
Research fund Research and Development Bureau, Science and Technology Agency
Publication Miyata et al., 2001. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes at Kushiro Mire. Proceedings of International Workshop for Advanced Flux Network and Flux Evaluation, 27-20 September 2000, Sapporo, Japan
