KST: Kushiro Mire Akanuma Tower

General site detail (updated 7 March 2012)
 Site name
 Kushiro Mire Akanuma Tower
 AsiaFlux site code
 KST
 Location Akanuma bog, Kushiro Mire, Hokkaido
 Position 43º07’ N, 144º 22' E
 Elevation 6 m
 Slope N/A
 Terrain type
 Natural wetland
 Area over 2,000,000 m2
 Fetch 400 m on the south side and 100 m on the north  side.
 Climate Dfb
 Mean annual air temperature
 5.5 ºC 
 Mean annual precipitation
 1119.6 mm 
 Vegetation type
 Bog
 Domestic species (Overstory)
 Hummock-growing sedges (Carex) and patchy sparse reed (Phragmites) canopies
 Dominant species (Understory)
 Mosses (Sphagnum)
 Canopy height
 Variable with space and time
 Age N/A
 LAI Variable with time with the seasonal maximum of  2.5 for sedge canopy and 1.8 for reed canopy.  Spatial variability is also large.
 Soil type
 Peat

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
 System Open-path system  (CO2 flux, latent heat flux)
 Wind speed 
 Sonic anemometer (DA-600-3TV, Kaijo)
 Air temperature
 Sonic anemometer (DA-600-3TV, Kaijo)
 Water vapor
 OP-2 (Data Design Group, San Diego, USA)
 CO2 OP-2 (Data Design Group, San Diego, USA)
 Measurement height
 2.95 m
 Sampling frequency
 10 Hz
 Averaging time
 30 min
 Data logger
 PC (Libretto70, Toshiba) equipped with A/D convertor
 (NR-110, Keyence)
 Data storage
 HDD
 Original data
 Raw data

Meteorology
 Observation items
  Levels/ Depth
 Instrument 
 Global solar radiation(incoming)
 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1
 ( Kipp & Zonen )
 Global solar 
radiation (outgoing)
 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1
 ( Kipp & Zonen )
 Long-wave radiation(incoming) 
 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1
 ( Kipp & Zonen )
  Long-wave radiation(outgoing) 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1
 ( Kipp & Zonen )
 Net radiation
 2.0 m Four-component net radiometer,CNR1
 ( Kipp & Zonen )
 PPFD (incoming)
 2.1 m Quantum sensor (LI-190, LI-COR, USA)
 PPFD (outgoing)
 2.1 m Quantum sensor (LI-190, LI-COR, USA)
 Direct / diffuse radiation
 - 
 Direct / diffuse PPFD
 - 
 Air temperature
 1.0,3.1 m Temperature-humidity sensor, HMP45 (Vaisala ) 
 Humidity 1.0,3.1 m Temperature-humidity sensor, HMP45 (Vaisala ) 
 Soil temperature
 1, 5, 10, 20, 40  cm Platinum resistance thermometer (100 ohm)
 Soil heat flux
 -
 Heat flux plate (MF-81, Eko)
 Soil water 
 content 
 -
 Wind speed
 0.9, 1.3, 1.8,  2.4, 3.8 m Cup anemometer (AF750, Makino)
 Wind direction
 3.45 m Wind vane (VF016, Makino)
 Barometric 
 pressure
 - Silicon-capacitive pressure probe
 (PTA427, Vaisala)
 Precipitation -  Bucket-type rain gauge
 (TE525MM, Texas Electronics)
 COconcentration
 - 
 H2O concentration - 
Other
 Soil respiration
 -
 Photosynthesis -
 Ecological investigation
 -
 

Observation Period and Data Availability

 Measurement Period
 from July 1998 to November 2002
 Measurement Frequency
 Continuous
 Data Availability
 N/A
Contact
 Akira Miyata (amiyat [at] niaes.affrc.go.jp)Agro-Meteorology  Division,National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES)
 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
 TEL: + 81-29-838-8207 FAX: + 81-29-838-8211
 http://ecomdb.niaes5.affrc.go.jp/
Research fund
 Research and Development Bureau, Science and Technology Agency
 Global Environment Research Fund, MOE
Publication
 Miyata et al., 2001. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes at Kushiro  Mire. Proceedings of International Workshop for Advanced Flux Network  and Flux Evaluation, 27-20 September 2000, Sapporo, Japan
 (CGER-M- 011-2001), pp.29-32.