KEW: Kiryu Experiment Watershed

General site detail (Updated 28 February 2007)
 Site name
 Kiryu Experiment Watershed
 AsiaFlux site code
 KEW
 Location Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan
 Position 34º 57' 49" N, 135º 59' 40" E
 Elevation 250 m above sea level
 Slope 9.2 degree
 Terrain type
 Hillslope mountain
 Area 5.99ha (area of the Experimental Watershed)
 Fetch N/A
 Climate warm temperate, Cfa
 Mean annual air temperature
 13.6 deg (1997 - 2004)
 Mean annual precipitation
 1645.0 mm (1972-2004)
 Vegetation type
 Evergreen coniferous forest
 Domestic species (Overstory)
 Japanese Cypress :Hinoki 
 (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. Et Zucc.)
 Dominant species (Understory)
 Eurya japonica Thunb.
 Canopy height
 18 m
 Age Planted in 1959
 LAI 4.5 to 5.5
 Soil type
 weathered granite with abundant amounts of albite

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
 System Closed-path system (2001.1.1 - 2003.12.31)
 Open-path system (2002.4.30 - present)
 Wind speed 
 Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer  
 (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan)
 Air temperature
 Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer  
 (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan)
 Platinum resistance thermometer 
 (HMP45A, VAISALA, Finland)
 Water vapor
 Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA), 
 Closed-path (LI-6262 or LI-7000, LI-COR, USA)
 CO2 Open-path (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA), 
 Closed-path (LI-6262 or LI-7000, LI-COR, USA)
 Measurement height
 28.5 m
 Sampling frequency
 10 Hz (8 Hz from 2002.2.6-2002.4.11)
 Averaging time
 30 min
 Data logger
 NR1000 (-2002.2.6, Keyence Co., Japan)
 CR10X (2002.2.6 - 2002.4.11, Campbell, USA)
 CR23X (2002.4.11-present, Campbell, USA)
 Data storage
 PC
 Original data
 Raw data

Meteorology
 Observation items
  Levels/ Depth
 Instrument 
 Global solar radiation(incoming)
 28 m
 11 m
 1 m
 CM-14 (Kipp&Zonen),MR-40 (Eiko,Japan)
 MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
 MR-401 (Eiko, Japan)
 Global solar 
radiation (outgoing)
 28 m
 11 m
 CM-14 (Kipp&Zonen) MR-40 (Eiko,Japan)
 MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
 Long-wave radiation(incoming) 
 28 m
 11 m
 PIR (Epply) or MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
 MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
 Long-wave radiation(outgoing) 28 m
 11 m
 PIR (Epply) or MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
 MR-40 (Eiko, Japan)
 Net radiation
 - 
 PPFD (incoming)
 28,16,14,10,1  m LI190 (LI-COR, USA), 
 PAR01(Prede, Japan)
 PPFD (outgoing)
  28 m LI190 (LI-COR, USA)
 Direct / diffuse radiation
 - 
 Direct / diffuse PPFD
 - 
 Air temperature
 29, 20, 14, 10,  4, 1 m Platinum resistance thermometer 
 (HMP35, HMP45, VAISALA, Finland)
 Humidity 29, 20, 14, 10,  4, 1 m Capacitive hygrometer
 (HMP35, HMP45, VAISALA, Finland)
 Soil temperature
 0.02, 0.1 m 
 0.02, 0.05, 0.1,  0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1  m
 Thermistor (107, Campbell, USA)
 Thermistor 
 (RT-11, RT-12, Espec Mic, Japan)
 Soil heat flux
 0.01 m 
 PRF-01 (prede, Japan)
 Soil water 
 content 
 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,  0.5, 1 m Tensiometer 
 (DIK3150, Daiki Rika, Japan)
 Wind speed
 31, 29, 26, 22,  20, 18, 16.5,  14, 4 m 3-cups anemometer (Makino, Japan),  anemometer with wind vane ( Campbell,  USA),  sonic anemometer thermometer
 ( DA600, KAIJO, Japan)
 Wind direction
 29 m anemometer with wind vane 
 (Campbell, USA)
 Barometric 
 pressure
 29 m PTB210 (Vaisala, Finland)
 Precipitation 1 m Tipping bucket rain gauge
 (RT-5, Ikeda Keiki, japan)
 COconcentration
 20, 14, 4, 1, 0.3  m Automated closed dynamic chamber system  (HT-CL-PT311, Hydrotech, Japan) 
 with a closed-  path CO2/H2O analyzer 
 (LI-7000 or LI-6262, LI-COR, USA)
Other
 Soil respiration
 Continuously with automated closed  dynamic chamber system 
 Occasionally  with manual closed  dynamic chamber  system
 Photosynthesis Occasionally with LI-6400 (Li-cor)
 Ecological investigation
 DBH, Tree height
 CH4 - REA, automated chamber (half-hourly)
   2009-
 - manual chamber (every two weeks) 2011-
 - Eddy covariance (half hourly) 2012-
 
Observation Period and data Availability
 Measurement Period
 Established in 1967, hydrological  record from 1972, occasional eddy  flux measurement from 1990. 
 Continuous flux dataset from 2001  to present
 Measurement Frequency
 Continuous
 Data Availability
 N/A
Contact
 Yoshiko Kosugi (ykosugi [at] kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
 Shinjiro Ohkubo (shinjiro [at] kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp) 
 Forest hydrology Graduate school agriculture, Kyoto University
 Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
 Tel:+81-75-753-6086 Fax:+81-75-753-6149
 Satoru Takanashi (tnsatoru [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp)
 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
 Tel:+81-29-829-8242 Fax:+81-29-874-3720
 Infrastructure
 Tower, Electrical power (100V AC 60Hz)


 Research Fund
 Global Environment Research Fund B-3 (FY2000-2002) by Ministry of  Environment, Japan
 Global Environment Research Fund S-1 (FY2002-2006) by Ministry of  Environment, Japan
 Grants for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Culture,  Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.