HEF - AsiaFlux

HEF: Hitsujigaoka Experimental Forest

General site detail (updated 15 April 2009)

Site name	Hitsujigaoka Experimental Forest
AsiaFlux site code	HEF
Location	Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Position	42.989997 degree N, 141.387475 degree E (World Geodetic System 1984, GPS: Garmin eTrex Legend and map)
Elevation	165 m above sea level (World Geodetic System 1984, GPS: Garmin eTrex Legend and map)
Slope	0 - 5 degree sloping down to north
Terrain type	Gentle slope
Area	46,000 m²
Fetch	150 to 3000 m
Climate	Cool temperate (Snow-fully humid-warm summer [Dfb])
Mean annual air temperature	7.2 degreeC
Mean annual precipitation	933 mm
Vegetation type	Young evergreen conifer plantation
Domestic species (Overstory)	Picea jezoensis Carr., Picea glehnii Masters, Abies sachalinensis Masters.
Dominant species (Understory)	None
Canopy height	6.5 m
Age	23 years
LAI	6
Soil type	Forest Bd type ?

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO₂)

System	band-pass eddy covariance system (latent heat flux, continuous) and an eddy covariance using an Open- path IRGA (latent heat and CO₂ flux, irregular and discontinuous )
Wind speed	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T, KAIJO, Japan)
Air temperature	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600-3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan)
Water vapor	Bandpass eddy covariance (HMP35A, VAISALA, Finland) Open-path (E-009A, Advanet, Japan)
CO₂	Open-path (E-009A, Advanet, Japan)
Measurement height	8.51 m
Sampling frequency	10 Hz
Averaging time	1200 seconds in a half hour
Data logger	DRM2a, TEAC, Japan
Data storage	MO
Original data	Raw data

Meteorology

Observation items	Levels/ Depth	Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming)	12 m	Pyranometer (MF-43F, MS-42, EKO, Japan)
Global solar radiation (outgoing)	12 m	Pyranometer (MS-42, EKO, Japan)
Long-wave radiation(incoming)	20 m	Infrared radiometer with fan (PIR, Eppley, USA) on the top of the building
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)	12 m	Net radiometer ( CN-11, EKO, Japan)
Net radiation	12 m	Net radiometer ( CN-11, EKO, Japan)
PPFD (incoming)	-
PPFD (outgoing)	-
Direct / diffuse radiation	-
Direct / diffuse PPFD	-
Air temperature	9.2, 1.7 m	Platinum resistance thermometer (HMP35D,VAISALA, Finland)
Humidity	9.2, 1.7 m	Capacitive hygrometer (HMP35D, VAISALA, Finland)
Soil temperature	0, 01, 0.1, 0.23 m	Platinum resistance thermometer
Soil heat flux	-
Soil water content	-
Wind speed	9.6, 1.7 m	3-cups anemometer (AC-750, Makino, Japan; WM-30P, Ikeda, Japan)
Wind direction	12 m	Wind Vane (Makino, Japan)
Barometric pressure	1.2 m	Barometer (PTB-100, VAISALA, Finland)
Precipitation	1.8 m	Tipping bucket raingauge (0.5 mm per tipping)
CO₂concentration	-

Other

Soil respiration	-
Photosynthesis	-
Ecological investigation	-

Observation Period and data Availability

Measurement Period	December 1997 to November 1998
Measurement Frequency	Continuous water vapor flux observation
Data Availability	N/A

Contact

[General] Yojiro Matsura (orijoy [at] ffpri.affrc.go.jp )
Department of meteorological Environment,Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
Tel:+81-298-873-3211 Fax:+81-298-874-3720

Infrastructure

Tower, Electrical power (100V AC 50Hz)

Research Fund

Ordinary funds supported by the Hokkaido Research Center of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute.

Other Information

Weighing cut tree observation during the winter
Automatic photograph down looking the tree canopy during the winter

Publication

Ohta, T., Suzuki, K., Kodama, Y., Kubota, J., Kominami, Y. and Nakai, Y. (1999): Characteristics of the Heat Balance above the Canopies of Evergreen and Deciduous Forests during the Snowy Season, Hydrological Processes, 13, 2383-2394.

Nakai Y, Sakamoto T, Terajima T, Kitamura K, Shirai T (1999): Energy Balance Above a Boreal Coniferous Forest: A Difference in Turbulent Fluxes between Snow-covered and Snow-free Canopies, Hydrological Processes, 13, 515-529.

Nakai,Y., Sakamoto, T., Terajima, T., Kitamura, K., and Shirai, T. (1999): An Effect of Canopy Snow on Energy Balance above a Coniferous Forest, Hydrological Processes, 13, 2371-2382.

Suzuki K, Nakai Y, Ohta T, Nakamura T, Ohata T (2003): Effect of snow interception on the energy balance above deciduous and coniferous forests during a snowy winter, IAHS Publication, 280, 309-317.

Kazuyoshi Suzuki, Yuichiro Nakai (2008): Canopy snow influence on water and energy balances in a coniferous forest plantation in northern Japan, Journal of Hydrology, 352, 126-138.

Kazuyoshi Suzuki, Yuji Kodama, Takeshi Yamazaki, Kenji Kosugi, Yuichiro Nakai (2008): snow accumulation on evergreen needle-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved trees, Boreal Environment Research, 13, 403-416.