Apple (Inter-row distance and between-tree distance of 7.0 m and 5.0m near the flux tower, in 2012)
Dominant species (Understory)
Kentucky bluegrass (mowed 5 times a year)
Canopy height
4.0 m
Age
32 years near the flux tower in 2012
LAI
0-4 for apple tree depending on season
Soil type
Alluvial soil
Observations Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
System
Open-path system
Wind speed
Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600- 3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan or 81000, Young, USA)
Air temperature
Three-dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer (DA600- 3T Probe TR-61C, KAIJO, Japan or 81000, Young, USA)
Water vapor
Open-path analyzer (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA)
CO2
Open-path analyzer (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA)
Measurement height
9.0 m
Sampling frequency
10 Hz
Averaging time
30 min
Data logger
From 2006 to 2012: (NR-1000, Keyence, Japan)
Data storage
PC (from 2006-2012), FC (from 2012-)
Original data
Raw data
Meteorology
Observation items
Levels/ Depth
Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming)
9 m
4 component net radiometer (MR-50, EKO, Japan)
Global solar radiation (outgoing)
9 m
4 component net radiometer (MR-50, EKO, Japan)
Long-wave radiation(incoming)
9 m
4 component net radiometer (MR-50, EKO, Japan)
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)
9 m
4 component net radiometer (MR-50, EKO, Japan)
Net radiation
-
-
PPFD (incoming)
-
PPFD (outgoing)
-
Direct / diffuse radiation
-
Direct / diffuse PPFD
-
Air temperature
2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 7.0 and 9.0 m
HMP45A, HMP233 and HMP155 (Vaisala, Finland)
Humidity
2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 7.0 and 9.0 m
HMP45A, HMP233 and HMP155 (Vaisala, Finland)
Soil temperature
0.01 and 0.03 m
Platinum resistance thermometer
Soil heat flux
0.05 m
Five thermopile heat flux sensors (MF-81,EKO,Japan)
Soil water content
0.3-0.6 m
From 2011: Two tensiometers at 0.3m and another two at 0.6m (DIK-3021, Daiki, Japan)
Wind speed
4.5, 5.5, 7.0 and 9.0 m
From 2006 to 2010: 3-cups anemometer (AF750, Makino, Japan) From 2012: Sonic anemometer (81000, Young, USA, and WMT52, Vaisala, Finland)
Wind direction
4.5.5.5, 7.0 m and 9.0 m
From 2012: Sonic anemometer (81000, Young, USA, and WMT52, Vaisala, Finland)
Barometric pressure
-
Precipitation
-
CO2 concentration
4.5, 5.5, 7.0 and 9.0 m
Infra red gas infraredanalyzer (LI820, Li-cor, USA)
Other
Soil respiration
5 days a month from 2006 to 2009 by open chamber method
Photosynthesis
-
Ecological investigation
-
Observation Period and data Availability
Measurement Period
From September 2006 to May 2015
Measurement Frequency
Continuous
Data Availability
N/A
Contact
Daiyu Ito (daiyu [at] hirosaki-u.ac.jp) Teaching and Research Center for Bio-coexistence, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University 7-1 Shitafukuro, Fujisaki, Fujisaki, Minamitsugaru, Aomori 038-3802 JAPAN
Sachinobu Ishida (ishida [at] hirosaki-u.ac.jp) Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561 JAPAN
Research Fund
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology