D02: Duolun cropland

General site detail (Updated 24 July 2007)
 Site name
 Duolun cropland
 AsiaFlux site code
 D02
 Location Duolun, Inner Mongolia, China
 Position 116º 16' 47'' E, 42º 02' 44'' N
 Elevation 1350 m above sea level
 Slope -
 Terrain type
 Flat
 Area More than 50 ha
 Fetch 300-400 m
 Climate Temperate continental climate
 Mean annual air temperature
 3.3 deg C (1994-2004)
 Mean annual precipitation
 399 mm (1994-2004)
 Vegetation type
 Cropland
 Domestic species (Overstory)
 Triticum aestivum L., Avena nuda L., and  Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.
 Dominant species (Understory)
 -
 Canopy height
 0.5 - 1 m
 Age 35 years in 2007
 LAI 1.2 (2006)
 Soil type
 Chestnut soil

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO2)
 System Open-path system
 Wind speed 
 Three dimensional sonic anemometer
 (CSAT3, Campbell scientific, USA)
 Air temperature
 Three dimensional sonic anemometer 
 (CSAT3, Campbell scientific, USA)
 Water vapor
 Open-path analyzer (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA)
 CO2 Open-path analyzer (LI-7500, LI-COR, USA)
 Measurement height
  4 m
 Sampling frequency
 10 Hz
 Averaging time
 30 min
 Data logger
 CR5000 (Campbell, USA)
 Data storage
 CF
 Original data
 Raw data

Meteorology
 Observation items
  Levels/ Depth
 Instrument 
 Global solar radiation(incoming)
 4 m CNR1 (Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands)
 Global solar 
radiation (outgoing)
 4 m CNR1 (Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands)
 Long-wave radiation(incoming) 
 4 m CNR1 (Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands)
  Long-wave radiation(outgoing) 4 m CNR1 (Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands)
 Net radiation
 4 m CNR1 (Kipp & Zonen, The Netherlands)
 PPFD (incoming)
 4 m Li190SB,Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA
 PPFD (outgoing)
 - 
 Direct / diffuse radiation
 - 
 Direct / diffuse PPFD
 - 
 Air temperature
 1, 2, 4 m HMP45C, VAISALA, Finland
 Humidity 1, 2, 4 m HMP45C, VAISALA, Finland
 Soil temperature
 5, 10, 20 cm 
 Model 107, Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT,  USA
 Soil heat flux
 2 cm 
 HFT-3, Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT, USA
 Soil water 
 content 
 0 -10 cm
 CS616, Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT, USA
 Wind speed
 4 m CSAT-3, Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT,  USA
 Wind direction
 4 m CSAT-3, Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT,  USA
 Barometric 
 pressure
 - 
 Precipitation 4 m TE525, Texas Electronics, Texas, USA
 COconcentration
 4 m Li 7500, Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA
Other
 Soil respiration
 Li 6400 (LI-COR, USA)
 Photosynthesis Li 6400 (LI-COR, USA)
 Ecological investigation
 LAI, Li 3000A (LI-COR, USA)
 
Observation Period and data Availability
 Measurement Period
 From May 2005 to present
 Measurement Frequency
 Continuous
 Data Availability
 N/A
Contact
 Shiping Chen (spche [at] nibcas.ac.cn)
 Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences20 Nanxincun,  Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, P. R. ChinaTel:
 +86-10- 62836279; Fax: +86-10-62599059
 [Soil respiration and vegetation survey] 
 Ping Zhang (zp [at] ibcas.ac.cn)
 Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences 20 Nanxincun,  Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
Calibration Information
 Open-path analyzers were calibrated twice per year with standard  CO2 gases and a dew point generator (LI610, LI-COR).
 Publication
Zhang WL., Chen SP, Chen J, Wei L, Han XG, Lin GH. 2007.  Biophysical regulations of carbon fluxes of a steppe and a cultivated  cropland in semiarid Inner Mongolia. Agric. For. Meteorol.
Infrastructure
 Tower, Electrical power (AC), Accommodation
Research Fund
The equipments of tower were funded by Institute of Botany, CAS; The  maintenance of tower was partly supported by "100 Talents" project of  CAS to Dr. Guanghui Lin and National Aeronautics and Space  Administration (NASA) Grant (NEWS 2004 NRA: NN-H-04-Z-YS-005-N)  of the Land-Cover / Land-Use Program