Site name	Simotsuma Japanese pear orchard
AsiaFlux site code	SJP
Location	Shimotsuma, Ibaraki, Japan
Position	36º 12'40.9"N, 139º 56'50.6"E
Elevation	21 m above sea level
Slope	0-1 degree
Terrain type	Flat
Area	4.5 ha
Fetch	140-320 m
Climate	Temperate(Cfa)
Mean annual air temperature	13.7degC (1979～2000)
Mean annual precipitation	1216.8mm(1979～2000)
Vegetation type	Japanese pear orchard
Domestic species (Overstory)	Japanese pear(Kosui,Hosui)
Dominant species (Understory)	Clean Cultivation
Canopy height	2 - 4 m
Age	3-25 years (2007)
LAI	3.5
Soil type	Andosol

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO₂)

System	Open-path system(CO2 flux, latent heat flux)
Wind speed	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer thermometer  (R3,GILL)
Air temperature	Three-dimensional sonic anemometer thermometer  (R3,GILL)
Water vapor	Open-path CO2/H2O analyzer(LI-7500,LI-COR)
CO2	Open-path CO2/H2O analyzer(LI-7500,LI-COR)
Measurement height	6 m
Sampling frequency	10 Hz
Averaging time	30 min
Data logger	CR1000
Data storage	CF
Original data	Raw data

Meteorology

Observation items	Levels/ Depth	Instrument
Global solar radiation(incoming)	6 m	Radiometer (MR40,Eko,Japan)
Global solar  radiation (outgoing)	6 m	Radiometer (MR40,Eko,Japan)
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)	6 m	Radiometer (MR40,Eko,Japan)
Long-wave radiation(outgoing)	6 m	Radiometer (MR40,Eko,Japan)
Net radiation	6 m	Radiometer (MR40,Eko,Japan)
PPFD (incoming)	6 m	Quantum sensor(LI-190S,LI-cor)
PPFD (outgoing)	-
Direct / diffuse radiation	-
Direct / diffuse  PPFD	-
Air temperature	7.0, 3.5 m	Platinum resistance thermometer and capacitive  hygrometer(HMP45A,Vaisala)
Humidity	7.0, 3.5 m	Platinum resistance thermometer and capacitive  hygrometer(HMP45A,Vaisala)
Soil temperature	0.05,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,1.0  m	Thermocouple
Soil heat flux	0.05 m	Soil Heat Flux Plate(HFT3,Campbell)
Soil water   content	0.05,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,1.0  m	Water Content  Reflectometer(CS615,Campbell)
Wind speed	8.0,7.0,5.0,3.5,1.0 m	Cup anemometer(AF750,Makino)
Wind direction	8.0 m	Wind vane(VF016,Makino)
Barometric   pressure	-
Precipitation	-
CO2 concentration	-

Other

Soil respiration	occasionally
Photosynthesis	occasionally
Ecological investigation	LAI