TBK: Taehwa Broadleaf forest

General site detail (Updated 3 August 2023)

Site name	Taehwa Broadleaf forest
AsiaFlux code	TBK
Location	Docheok-myeon, Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do,  Republic of Korea
Position	37° 18'15" N,  127° 18'50" E
Elevation	358 m a.s.l
Slope	Dominant slopes 10~25°
Terrain type	Mountainous area
Area	497 ha
Fetch	400m × 200m
Climate	Temperate (snow -winter dry- hot summer) (Dwa)
Mean annual air temperature	11.67 ℃ (2015)
Mean annual precipitation	939.4 mm (2015)
Vegetation type	Mixed deciduous/coniferous forest
Dominant species (Overstory)	Pinus spp. and Quercus spp.
Dominant species (Understory)	Styracaceae obassia and Morus bombycis
Canopy height	19.5 m
Age	40 - 60 years
LAI	Foliage Area Index, 1 ~ 6 (±1), max in June
Soil type	loam

Observations
Eddy Covariance method (CO₂)

System	Enclosed path (CO2 flux, latent heat flux)
Wind speed	3D sonic anemometer (CSAT3)
Sonic temperature	3D sonic anemometer (CSAT3)
Water vapor	Enclosed path infrared gas analyzer (LI7200)
CO2	Enclosed path infrared gas analyzer (LI7200)
Measurement height	27 m
Sampling frequency	10 Hz
Averaging time	30 min.
Data logger	CR3000, CSI
Data storage	HD
Original data	Raw data (and statistics)

Meteorology

Observation items	Levels / Depth	Instrument
Global solar radiation  (incoming)	27 m	Net radiometer  (CNR4, Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands)
Global solar radiation  (outgoing)	27 m	Net radiometer (CNR4)
Long-wave radiation  (incoming)	27 m	Net radiometer (CNR4)
Long-wave radiation  (outgoing)	27 m	Net radiometer (CNR4)
Net radiation	27 m	Net radiometer (CNR4)
PPFD (incoming)	26 m	Quantum Sensor  (LI190, Li-Cor, USA)
Air temperature	26 m	Humidity and Temperature Probe  (HMP60, Vaisala, Finland)
	27, 20, 16, 8, 5, 3,  1, 0.1 m	Profile system  (AP200, Campbell Sci., Inc., USA)
Humidity	26 m	Humidity and Temperature Probe  (HMP60)
Soil temperature	0 ~ -0.1 m	Soil thermocouple probe  (TCAV, CSI)
Soil heat flux	-0.1 m, -0.03 m	Heat flux plate (HFP01, Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V., Finlands)
Soil water content	0 ~ -0.1m, -0.1 ~  -0.3 m, -0.3 ~ -0.6m	Water content reflectometer  (CS616, CSI)
Wind speed	27 m	3D sonic anemometer  (CSAT3, CSI)
Wind direction	27 m	3D sonic anemometer (CSAT3)
Barometric pressure	27 m	Enclosed path infrared gas  analyzer (LI7200, Li-Cor)
Precipitation	21 m	Tipping Bucket  (TE525, Texas Electronics, USA)
CO2 concentration	27, 20, 16, 8, 5, 3,  1, 0.1 m	Profile system (AP200, CSI)
H2O concentration	27, 20, 16, 8, 5, 3,  1, 0.1 m	Profile system (AP200, CSI)
Leaf wetness	20, 16, 8, 0.1 m	leaf-wetness sensor (LWS-L,  Decagon Devices Inc., USA)

Other

Photosynthesis	Portable chamber (LI6400, Li-Cor)
Ecological Investigation	Dendrometer band
Transpiration	Granier-type Sap flow measurement

Observation Period and Data Availability

Measurement Period	From March 2015 to present
Measurement Frequency	Continuous
Data Availability	N/A

Hyun-Seok Kim (cameroncrazies[at]snu.ac.kr)  Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University  Bld.200/Rm.7205, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,  Seoul 08826, Korea  Phone: +82-2-880-4761    Fax: +82-2-365-5163

Hojin Lee (r.hojin.lee[at]snu.ac.kr)  Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University  Bld.200/Rm.7205, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,  Seoul 08826, Korea  Phone: +82-2-880-4761

Infrared gas analyzer of EC system was calibrated approximately in every  6 months with standard CO2 gases and a dew point generator (LI610,  Li-Cor).  The CO2/H2O concentration profile system is being calibrated once a day  for the zero(CO2, H2O) and span CO2 concentration. H2O span is being  manually calibrated once a week.  Other micrometeorological instruments are being calibrated approx. once in  every 2 year.

Tower, Electrical power (AC)

Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program  under Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) project, KMIPA-2012  -0001-2  Time series analysis of northern temperate forest characteristics and the  development of forest management for climate change adaptation project,  S111212L20110

N/A